Not all rice is bad if eaten in moderation and made a part of the total recommended daily calorie allowance. Also, rice should be combined with adequate protein and green leafy vegetables. Particularly South India’s heirloom rice varieties are a treasure house of nutritional and therapeutic properties. Of late, some research has also started validating the superfood value of indigenous rice varieties. These are rich in bioactive compounds that boost the nutritional value of foods.
KAVUNI: Red Kavuni is an aromatic, red-grained rice grown in Tamil Nadu that derives its rich colour from high levels of anthocyanins. It has been used traditionally as a cooling food during summer months and is valued for its anti-microbial properties that aid digestion.
KAIVARA SAMBA: This is a widely adaptable rice variety that can grow even in marginal soils. It is good for dehydration and having a low glycaemic index and high fibre, can be used to regulate blood sugar levels. The high fibre lends bulk to the dish and automatically helps in portion control. This rice contains selenium, which helps to make DNA and protects against cell damage, abnormal cancerous growth and infection.
POONGAR: This is a sweet-scented rice grown specifically for making rice flakes and fermenting. In parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, it is customarily given to women after puberty and during pregnancy as it is believed to ease gynaecological problems. It has no cholesterol and is high on resistant starch, which is good for the growth of gut bacteria. The fibre content helps lower cholesterol levels in the body while flavonoids reduce the risk of heart disease. Poongar rice has a low glycemic index while a compound called gamma-oryzanol helps reduce insulin resistance in the body. It is high in iron, magnesium and zinc and helps in increasing haemoglobin levels. It works for those with Celiac disease as it is 100 per cent gluten-free.
KATTU YANAM: A high-fibre red rice, it helps bring down cholesterol levels in the body. Its nutty flavour and texture make it a good source of energy. Its low glycaemic index makes it a top choice for people with diabetes. Easy to digest. It is a good source of Vitamin B, zinc, manganese and folic acid.
KOLIYAL: This is a brown hulled rice from Kerala that is used to make Puttu, an iconic breakfast dish of the region. A study by Naresuan University, Thailand, and published in PubMed Central, has shown how this rice improves sperm health parameters. These contain insoluble fibres and are low on sodium, which is good for those suffering from hypertension.
BLACK KAVUNI: This is yet another heritage rice from Tamil Nadu that derives its blackish-purple hue from high anthocyanin content. It is known for properties that cool the body, promote heart health and treat liver ailments. Its antioxidants help in managing heart health, it has a low glycaemic index and is, therefore, good for people with diabetes. It is a powerhouse of micronutrients like iron, magnesium and zinc.
THUYAMALLI: This rice is known for its vitamin B complex, especially B12, content. This strengthens the nervous system.
KARUN KURUVAI: A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that the antioxidant activity of this kind of red rice is higher than that of other rice varieties, which may help protect the heart against oxidative stress. It has a lower glycemic index compared to other rice varieties, which means it causes a slower rise in blood sugar levels after consumption.
MAPPILLAI SAMBA: It contains vitamin B1 that helps in healing stomach and mouth ulcers. It improves blood circulation, boosts immunity and stamina, strengthens muscles and nerves.
Given these health benefits, there is a growing awareness of how important it is to conserve this agricultural heritage and traditional knowledge. But at the risk of repetition, moderation is the key even if they are used as substitutes of the milled and processed variety.
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